Based on an article from The Observer
with some of the more outrageously loaded words toned down
At first glance, nothing could be further from the neon lights of Soho
than a spring afternoon in Cavell Road, Billericay, Essex, filled with
birdsong and the shouts of children from a nearby school. Women waiting
their turn in Julie's hairdresser fit the popular image of the 'blue-rinse
brigade'. Male customers who ask for the sauna services are quietly led
through a thick bead curtain to something very different.
'I'm just out of the shower,' smiled the nubile Louise, wearing only a
towel. A basic sauna massage will cost £20, says the hairdresser/madam.
Extra requirements should be negotiated with the girl.
The affluent residents of Cavell Road, who include City brokers and
company directors, know all about Julie's unofficial offerings, but feel
powerless to stop it. 'It's disgusting,' said one. We live near a school
and it attracts the wrong kind of people. We used to get them parking
outside our house. It was so obvious: they're middle-aged baldies. There was
a petition to get it closed and we contacted the police, but they didn't do
anything.'Another neighbour, who lives in a £400,000, four-bedroom
house, said: My
worry is house prices and whether they could be affected by this place being
here.
Brothels and prostitution are no longer confined to the underside
of the big city. In sleepy suburbs, country villages and the bastions of
moral conservatism, there are women plying their trade and men willing to
pay. And police commonly turn a blind eye, pointing to a lack of local
resources and coherent national policy.
The number of people offering sexual services in Britain has increased by
a staggering 50 per cent in the past five years, according to new figures
obtained from the European Parliament. There are now as many as 80,000 women working as prostitutes in the UK,
their numbers swelled by an influx of 20,000 immigrants. In London alone, an
academic study found that men spend £200 million a year on sex, almost half
in massage parlours and saunas.
Across the UK, the industry is believed to be worth about £770m a year,
with street prostitution accounting for only about five per cent. New
massage parlours have sprung up in once unlikely places such as Herne Bay,
Glastonbury, Lincoln and Highbridge.
In recent months, the courts have heard several cases, which
few doubt represent the tip of an iceberg. About 15 women were discovered
working above a sex shop called the Pleasure Zone in Darlington, resulting
in the owner having £900,000 worth of assets frozen. A supermarket worker
running a brothel in Basingstoke was caught after his landlady was greeted
by a girl wearing sexy underwear.
Another brothel was found operating out of a caravan on the A1 near
Bedale, North Yorks. A former post office worker was caught running one from
her home in Newton Abbot, Devon. Six Bulgarian women were found working in a
parlour in Swansea by detectives from the National Crime Squad.
Earlier this month, a woman involved in the running Britain's
biggest-ever Thai prostitute organisation was ordered to pay back a huge slice of
her profits or face 15 months in jail. The organisation was based in Worthing,
Sussex, and they also ran a finishing school for prostitutes in Wimbledon,
south-west London. Last week a civilian police worker appeared in court
accused of living off earnings from a massage parlour in Leicestershire.
Despite these cases, police have spoken about their frustration at
losing the war against organised crime gangs exploiting an influx of
prostitutes from abroad. So urgent is the situation that the Government is
under pressure to consider partial legalisation of prostitution, in
so-called tolerance zones, when it publishes a review in June.
The rise in internet use and increasingly relaxed attitudes to sex have
been cited as the main reasons behind the surge. Superintendent Chris
Bradford of the Met's Clubs and Vice Squad, the largest unit of its kind in
the country, said: 'Paying for sex has become a commonplace activity in our
society. The internet has opened up new opportunities for people to obtain
material that would previously have been available only in adult bookshops.
It is my theory that exposure to this has in turn raised the stakes for
thousands of men who now want something more than pictures. They are going
out on to the streets and finding women who are there to facilitate them.
Because of this, we are seeing an increase in demand for prostitution.'
Demand has been met by supply. There are now more women working in the
sex industry than ever before, the result, in London particularly, of a
dramatic increase in foreign prostitutes. Eight out of 10 women employed in brothels or massage parlours in the
capital are now from eastern European or the Balkans. Although prostitution itself is not an offence in Britain, running or
recruiting for a brothel is illegal, yet the police say they are powerless
to intervene.
Vice Squad officers do visit virtually every massage parlour in the
London area - chiefly in search of juveniles and women being held against
their will - but say they cannot afford the time or money to close them
down.
Penalties will be increased sharply from 1 May, when the new Sexual
Offences Act makes it illegal to transport women across borders for the
purposes of sexual exploitation, but, according to Bradford, not all who
enter Britain come under this definition. Trafficking is a very emotive term. Lots of the women who come here know
exactly what they are going to be doing. Many of them have been working as
prostitutes in their own countries and earning a pittance. They see Britain
as a place where they can do the same work, but earn significantly more.
Where it often falls down is that the women find themselves in a form of
debt bondage and end up with only a tiny proportion of the money they earn,
the rest going to their pimp.'
The change in social attitudes is typified by the boom in lap-dancing
clubs in London and elsewhere. Access to sex for sale has never been easier
- via the internet, top-shelf magazines, certain newspapers or specialised
guides such as McCoy's Guide to Adult Services, which boasts on its cover:
Including 448
massage parlours, 38 escort agencies, 144 private flats and houses, 341
individual working ladies, plus assorted erotic parties, dominatrices,
working couples and working twosomes.'
The author, George McCoy, also runs a website and a phone line with his
'Pick of the Month: Top Ten Massage Ladies'. He said:
Most middle-class
friends find what I do quite acceptable. I do after-dinner speeches to Round
Tables all over the country. Sometimes one of the guests will come up to me
afterwards and talk about his experiences. In the past, it was something
they'd never make public, but now they think: "What the hell."
There is less stigma about visiting a parlour now than there was 10 or 20
years ago. It's accepted as another feature of everyday life. We are told to
be politically correct about everything - you can't drink, you can't smoke -
and people just think, "Sod it".
McCoy has become acquainted with many of the women involved. 'There are a
lot of single mums trying to make a better living than they can on the
checkout at Tesco. There is an increase in Thais and east Europeans. But
there are a lot of girls working in flats in middle-class areas, such as
Sevenoaks. There are also a lot now charging £400-£600 minimum, or thousands
for a week.'
Hilary Kinnell, of the UK Network of Sex Work Projects, which represents
60 organisations working with prostitutes, said there was evidence of
prostitution spreading from cities into smaller towns to escape active
policing. The sudden arrival of prostitutes in Scunthorpe, she claimed,
appeared to have been triggered by a crackdown in Doncaster.
With no clear national policy, the 43 police forces in England and Wales
are left to their own devices. Only a handful have full-time vice squads,
even where significant numbers of prostitutes are known to be operating.
Street prostitutes attract the most complaints from residents, so resources
tend to be focused on them. In Bradford, police have targeted kerb crawlers
and pimps rather than prostitutes. In Southend and the centre of Nottingham,
police seek anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) against persistent street
walkers, breach of which can lead to up to five years' jail.
Liverpool is considering the radical experiment of Dutch-style
'streetwalking zones' in the inner city. Earlier this months, officials from
Utrecht in Holland travelled to Merseyside to brief senior police chiefs,
civil servants and local councillors. If the scheme were introduced,
prostitutes and punters could carry on without fear of arrest between
certain hours within the zones. It would include a drop-in centre with a
needle exchange, condoms - and advice about routes out of prostitution.
Pimps would be banned, and uniformed police would be on patrol, backed up
by CCTV - a response to a string of brutal prostitute murders on Merseyside.
The rest of the city would become a no-go zone for sex workers, easing
tensions with residents.
But any such experiment first needs Home Office per mission to halt
prosecutions, which would mean a change in the law. All eyes in Liverpool
are now on the Home Office's review of prostitution law, due in June. Such
'tolerance zones' are expected to emerge as one key option, although
Ministers insist the paper is intended only to spark public debate,
Political nervousness about even such limited decriminalisation is high.
Home Office Minister Hazel Blears said decriminalisation is an 'unlikely
outcome' of the review, because of the clear links between prostitution,
organised crime and drugs. In Edinburgh, a pioneering 'tolerance zone' in
the Leith docks district was recently abandoned after the area was
regenerated and new residents, snapping up its smart warehouse apartments,
made their objections known.
But others argue that a fresh clampdown on punters could endanger women.
Trish O'Flynn, senior policy officer at the Local Government Association,
said: 'The profile of the typical man who buys sex is not a sad, single
bloke in his fifties: he's a 30-year-old who's married, with no criminal
record and a good job. There is a debate to be had here. Is it just another commercial activity
- albeit not a very pleasant one - that people enter by choice and it just
should be regulated? Or is it something that is unacceptable, and we should
be looking at what motivates people to buy sex and how we could remove the
demand?'
How sex laws differ around the world
· In Britain, prostitution is not illegal if the prostitute
works independently without disturbing the public order. Men who are found
buying sex several times in prostitution areas can be fined. It is a crime
to advertise, run a brothel or recruit for prostitution.
· In Greece, brothels are not allowed within 200 metres of
public buildings. Athens considered a proposal for a new law to halve the
distance to facilitate prostitution during this summer's Olympics, but
decided against.
· In the Netherlands, prostitution is legally defined as a
profession and prostitutes join the Service Sector Union. They have been
required to pay income tax since 1996. Brothels employ 30,000 people.
· In Singapore, working women have to carry a 'yellow card'
proving they are registered and have recently undergone a twice-weekly
health check. Some brothels provide voluntary benefits to keep the
prostitutes working there.
· In Sweden, it has been illegal to buy or try to buy
sexual services since January 1999. Prostitution is considered to be an
expression of unequal relations between men and women.
· Germany passed a law in December 2002 that gave
prostitution legal recognition. Cologne has legalised 'drive-in' brothels,
with covered parking, and bedroom and shower facilities.
· Prostitution is illegal in the
United States, except for
Nevada, where 'cat houses' have been legal since 1970. There are up to 40
brothels and more than 300 licensed prostitutes. At the £2.5 million Wild
Horse Resort And Spa, working women don latex gloves to give men's private
parts a check-up for clinical hygiene